Common Stock Dividends In Business Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2034 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? There are two ways that investors can earn a profit by buying stock which is from buying the stock low and selling it higher, and by receiving dividends. Most of the companies especially small or growing companies do not pay a dividend while the large profitable companies do by necessity because there is a limit to how large a company can grow and so the only way to maintain its stock price is by paying a dividend. 1.1 Definition of Common stock dividends A common stock dividend is the dividend paid to common stock owners from the profits of the company. Like other dividends, the payout is in the form of cash or other like stock. The law may regulate the size of the common stock dividend particularly when the payout is a cash distribution tantamount to liquidation. Such cash dividends may serve the intent of defrauding creditors. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Common Stock Dividends In Business Example For Free" essay for you Create order 1.2 Common types of dividends There are two common types of dividends. Cash dividends are dividends that are paid in cash and are the most common type of dividend. Stock dividends are paid in extra shares of stock instead of cash. Whether the dividend is paid as cash or as stock, the payment of a dividend reduces the price per share of the company. If the dividend is paid as cash, then the company will have less cash, reducing its value, and its value per share. If the dividend is paid as stock, then there are more shares outstanding, but the value of the company has not increased and the companys value per share is reduced. 1.3 Advantages There are several advantages to stocks paying a dividend over those that dont. Dividend-paying stocks provide a more certain income than what price appreciation alone offers. When the stock market declines, holders of dividend-paying stocks still receive an income, and the dividend helps to maintain the stock price even in a down market. And, often, the dividend plus the capital gains of a dividend-paying stock is greater than the capital gains of many stocks that do not pay a dividend. 1.4 Should the Company Pay a Dividend? Dividend that will be paid depends on the profitability of the firm. The board of directors is the person who have to decides when a stock dividend will be paid and how much. The board of directors will consider the companys financial position, both now and in the future, and the opportunity costs of paying a dividend. If the company can use the money to grow faster, then a dividend probably will not be paid. But if a company is both large and profitable, then it could pay some portion of its earnings as a dividend, since it becomes more difficult for a large company to grow ever larger. Besides size, the largest factor in considering a dividend payment is the companys common earnings per share (EPS), which is the after-tax income of the company minus the dividends paid to preferred shareholders divided by the number of common shares outstanding. If the common earnings per share is high and likely to remain high, and if the company is too large to grow much larger, then the boar d of directors will probably decide to pay a dividend. Earnings Per Share = Net Profit Preferred Dividends Number of Outstanding Common Stock Shares How the Dividend is Paid? When the board of directors declares a dividend, which is on the declaration date, they also specify the date of record and the payment date. The date of record is the date when a stockholder must be a registered owner of the stock a holder of record to receive the dividend. The payment date or payable date is when payment is actually made basically about three weeks after the date of record. Because it takes 3 business days to settle a stock trade, the date of record determines the ex-dividend date, which is 3 business days earlier. The ex-dividend date is the 1st day in which the stock trades without the recently declared dividend. In newspaper listings, a stock is marked with an x to indicate that it is ex-dividend. An investor who buys the stock during the ex-dividend period will not be entitled to the recently declared dividend. The price of the stock increases steadily by the amount of the dividend until the date of record, then drops by the same amount on the ex-divide nd date. This happens because investors are willing to pay more if they are expecting to receive the dividend, which offsets the increased price. Moreover, open buy and stop sell orders are also usually reduced by the dividend amount on the ex-dividend date. Issue: Realty Income Increases Common Stock Monthly Dividend 2.1 Background of the Realty Income Corporation Realty Income, The Monthly Dividend Company(R), is a New York Stock Exchange real estate company dedicated to providing shareholders with dependable monthly income. The primary goal is to provide dependable monthly income to the shareholders by acquiring and owning retail real estate that generates dependable lease revenue which will pass on to the shareholders in the form of monthly dividends. To date the Company has declared 483 consecutive common stock monthly dividends throughout its 41-year operating history and increased the dividend 59 times since Realty Incomes listing on the New York Stock Exchange in 1994. The monthly income is supported by the cash flow from over 2,300 properties owned under long-term lease agreements with regional and national retail chains and other commercial enterprises. The Company is an active buyer of net-leased properties nationwide. Currently the annualized dividend rate is $1.72725 per share. 2.2 Summary of the issue The real issue is Realty Income Increases Common Stock Monthly Dividend. The Realty Income Corporation announced that its Board of Directors has declared an increase in the Companys common stock monthly cash dividend to $0.1439375 per share from $0.143625 per share. The dividend is payable on 15th October 2010 to shareholders of record as of 1st October 2010. This is the 52nd consecutive quarterly increase and the 59th dividend increase since Realty Income went public in 1994. The new monthly dividend amount represents an annualized dividend amount of $1.72725 per share as compared to the previous annualized dividend amount of $1.7235 per share. The Company continues its long-term policy of declaring and paying dividends on a monthly, rather than on a quarterly basis. According to Tom A. Lewis, Chief Executive Officer of Realty Income commented the operations allow them to once again increase the amount of the dividend pay to the shareholders. The company will have made 483 consecutive monthly dividend payments. 2.3 Forward-Looking Statements Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, which may cause the Companys actual future results to differ materially from expected results. These risks include, among others, general economic conditions, local real estate conditions, the availability of capital to finance planned growth, property acquisitions and the timing of these acquisitions, charges for property impairments, the outcome of any legal proceedings to which the Company is a party, and the profitability of the Companys subsidiary, Crest Net Lease, as described in the Companys filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Consequently, forward-looking statements should be regarded solely as reflections of the Companys current operating plans and estimates. 2.4 The market for Retail Real Estate Expansion Capital The freestanding retail real estate market is vast. According to F.W. Dodge, an independent real estate consultant, there is more than 5.6 billion square feet of this type of real estate in the United States. The ownership of these freestanding properties varies depending on the size and type of retail property. There are companies that specialize in owning small convenience stores or restaurants and there are those that only want to own the big box properties. With the tremendous amount of freestanding retail real estate that exists, the competitive advantage is derived from the fact that its have elected to specialize. The acquisition and ownership focus is on the highly specific freestanding retail market niche of middle and upper market retailers who provide goods and services that consumers use every day. Typically, many middle market retail chains have limited access to the public capital markets so executing a sale/leaseback transaction with Realty Income provides them with immediate access to capital. These are often the retailers who could benefit the most from outsourcing the ownership of their real estate, generating capital to fuel their business growth and enhance their credit profile or borrowing capacities. Some of the retail chains who have used this type of capital including National Tire Battery (parts and service), Childrens World (child daycare center), WaWa (convenience stores), and Pizza Hut (fast food restaurants). The experience in providing sale-leaseback financing for middle market retail chains spans more than 41 years and experts at uncovering the industries and retailers that would benefit the most from past experience. The transaction process is rapid, efficient and responsive. It is no wonder that 118 retail chains in 32 different industries do business with Realty Income. Implications of the issue Important demographic changes, known as the aging of America, are taking place. The changes could have an impact on the type of investments people will need over the next 10 to 20 years. History and experience have shown that the market for certain kinds of investments have been directly correlated to demographic trends. Goals were established for achieving lease revenue and geographic diversification that set the standard for Realty Incomes real estate acquisitions during year 2010. The Companys retail properties were diversified across 49 states and generated lease revenue from 118 separate retail chains in 32 different retail industries. The main focus is providing dependable monthly income especially to majority of retired people who are receive more than 70% of their income from investments. Currently more than 34 million people are of retirement age and rely on some type of investment income. In the same time give beneficial to retirement people who need fund for their whole life. From the other side, it also will be effect for certain number of people who are exit in the workplace and need to replace their salaries with investment income. The dependable income will be important to them in maintaining an existing lifestyle. Furthermore, the shareholders and investors of The Monthly Dividend Company(R) receive dependable monthly income that can be used to improve and enrich their quality of life. Realty Income have paid monthly dividends throughout 41 year operating history and have regularly increase the amount of the monthly dividend since becoming a public company in 1994. Currently the annualized dividend rate is $1.72725 per share. From the previous good performance and achievement of Realty Income, Realty Income plans to implement a direct stock purchase and dividend reinvestment plan during this year. Realty Income is optimistic about the Companys operations and performance for 2010 to continue to produce positive results in a soft economy. The balance sheet is among the strongest in the industry and portfolio of properties continues to perform well. Over the long term it will probably experience a wide variety of economic conditions. The company continues to believe that the objective should be to operate the Company in a manner that allows them to deliver a conservative investment and consistent monthly dividends, regardless of the economic situation. While it is not immune to the ebb and flow of the economy, we believe we have positioned the company to continue to achieve this objective. Business plan for the company in becoming year is to pay 12 monthly dividends and also raise the dividend. Furthermore to maintain a conservative balance sheet and maintain high portfolio occupancy rates. Next is to acquire additional properties and tell more people about the Monthly Dividend Company. 3.1 Three reasons why many investors own shares of The Monthly Dividend Company: Dependable monthly income like clockwork The Company paid monthly distributions for 41 years. As of September 30, 2010 it have paid 482 dividends and over $1.8 Billion in dividends paid. Security Investors obtain the security of owning a stock backed by real estate assets that are unencumbered by mortgage debt and managed by a team of professionals dedicated to conservative financial and real estate acquisition strategies. Potential for long-term dividend growth Since becoming a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1994, it have increased the amount of the dividend 59 times. From 1994 to September 2010, the annualized dividend rate rose from $0.90 per share to $1.72725 per share, or 92%.

Schizophrenia Is The Most Common Mental Illness - 1500 Words

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe disorder which is equal in both Men and Women and affects one percent of the worlds population, it is the most common mental illness (Carlson 2014). Schizophrenia is the suffering from a split mind which can start at a very early age and remain as a lifelong disease. (Tsuang 1982) In the UK currently 250,000 people are suffering from Schizophrenia. (Crow 1991) There are several symptoms which are found in Schizophrenics which are characterised by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. However some people may differ differently due to their diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Some individuals may show all the symptoms listed, whereas others may only display a small number of them. (Jones et al.) In addition, the description of the symptoms of Schizophrenics indicates that the disorder has been around for thousands of years. (Jeste et al.1985). According to the Biological approach, Schizophrenia occurs due to brain abnormalities which involves the ab sence of normal behaviour. Although, due to Schizophrenia being strongly genetic and heritable, the presence of unusual behaviour may be due to underlying biological factors. (Carlson 2014) The main types of biological treatments available for Schizophrenia are Electro convulsive therapy (ECT) and Psychosurgery, however there are other drugs therapies available for Schizophrenia. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was developed in the 1930s and is the most effective treatment for Schizophrenia.Show MoreRelatedSchizophrenia Poster Research Topics : Schizophrenia1715 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia Poster Research Topics K - What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is chronic, severe, and a brain disabling disorder; that has affected people throughout history. It also interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions and relate to others. People with the disorder may hear voices other people do not hear. They may believe other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. This can terrify people with the illnessRead MoreKenzie Cromer. â€Å"Ultimately I Had To Confess To Myself ...1071 Words   |  5 Pagesand the Regulatory Principles of Mental Functioning, Schur) [Section 1] Over 40 million Americans have been diagnosed with at least one mental illness (NIMH 2015), and 43,000 Americans commit suicide every year (NIMH 2014), with most of those deaths deemed preventable (Mann et. al 2005). Is the quote above a fitting metaphor for the current state of mental health care in this country? 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But the realization that the stigma attached adversely affects mental health care system is still lacking. The discrimination against mental illness has invaded the systemic structure causing more worries to sufferers of mental illness and their families. While every individual and system is well aware of mental illness and the biggestRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Public Perception Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesbeliefs stem from the media and how Hollywood portrays fictional characters with mental illnesses. At which point there seems to be a common misunderstanding towards individuals suffering from a mental illness. When it comes to people suffering with mental health, doctors, schools, and everything in between seem to have either a positive or negative outlook on the subject. The stereotypes and misinformation of mental illnesses can lead to a delay in seeking medical help. 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It is considered by some to be a â€Å"scary† mental illness and is often ignored, when compared to the other equally serious and caustic ones like Generalized Anxiety Disorder (also referred to as GAD), ADHD, and Chronic Depression. This

Man on the Moon by Kid Cudi free essay sample

Kid Cudi’s: Man on the Moon: The End of the Day Kid Cudi released his CD Man on the Moon: The End of the Day on September 15, 2009. In my opinion it is a very well made CD consisting of the raps and rhymes of Scott Mescudi. In this CD Cudi raps about life and how he interprets humans and their interactions. Songs such as Embrace the Martian or Man on the Moon bring up topics such as not fitting in and the ability to overcome differences in order to â€Å"Embrace† each other. The album scored a 71/100 on Metacritic and was named Entertainment Weekly’s best Hip/Hop Album of 2009 and one of the five breakout artists of the year. Two of the songs (Day n’ Nite and Make Her Say) were nominated for Grammys’. My personal opinion of this artist is that if you enjoy Hip/Hop and are a Teenager and like music about common themes in your life than Cudi is for you. We will write a custom essay sample on Man on the Moon by Kid Cudi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His voice will soothe your sorrow and his rhymes will take you away. If you ever get tired of Cudi (I personally have not yet) he also offers a lot of new songs featuring artists such as Cage, Kanye, Common, and Chip tha Ripper. His songs are not as stationary as other artists, each of his songs expresses different feelings if is from his uplifting cheer up music to his down to earth mellow music or his sad break up songs they are all great and each express feelings a lot of common teenagers can relate too. If music isn’t your niche then you can always just check him out for his fashion. Not only does he sing he is also a great dresser and brings many new styles to the table which I have personally seen other wearing. From his skinny jeans to his flannel shirts or crew neck sweaters he has a style that is unmatched. In conclusion I hope if you have not ever met Scott Mescudi I encourage you to give him a chance cause I love him so maybe you will too.

Is Psychology a Science free essay sample

Is psychology a science? Discuss using evidence from the five approaches. To answer this question I feel it is important to understand the definitions of psychology and science. I will start with definitions of the terms psychology and science and will briefly review the methods of psychology. I will outline the behaviourist approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive approach, the humanistic approach and the biological approach. In order to confirm whether psychology can fulfil the definition of science I will outline the five approaches and use evidence from the approaches to support my findings.There are numerous definitions for the word psychology, Benson (1998: 5) describes the discipline of psychology as ‘the scientific study of the mind and behaviour of humans and animals’ whereas Hayes (1998: 1) identifies psychology as ‘the study of the mind, the study of behaviour, the study of human information processing’, and the study of ‘why human beings act as they do’. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Psychology a Science or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two descriptions highlight how definitions differ although it is widely agreed that psychology is the study of the mind and behaviour.As with psychology there a various definitions for the term science, however they all appear to be based on creating theories or explanations which rely on evidence. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopaedia (2005) includes a number of definitions, firstly stating that science is the ‘study of the physical world and its manifestations, by using observation and experiment’, secondly describing science as ‘something studied or performed methodically’ and finally as ‘any activity that is the object of careful study or that is carried out according to a developed method’.

Dry September Essays

Dry September Essays Dry September Paper Dry September Paper The William Faulkner’s short story Dry September, published in 1931, takes place in a fictional residence of Jefferson, which is located somewhere in the southern community. Faulkner wanted to release something that will stretch our truth-sorting muscles, because this story is a story of rumor. Rumors are part of our society, and they seem to be part of our lives too because it is always been very difficult to clear out the truth of any situation. So, all the situations we are going through could be a part of a rumor’s factory. Two main characters that the rumor is about are helping Faulkner’s story; the Nigger called Will Mayes, raped a white woman, Minnie Cooper. The rumor, the story, pops up through the ‘’bloody September twilight’’. The barbershop is a place where it all begun. When it comes to such things, when the story becomes a main discussion, we got to choose, will we accept thing as true without any proof, or will we base our conclusion on facts? So, this story is about how the main characters, as barber Henry, McLendon, youths from the barbershop who are representing the southern community, investigate a rumor. It is ‘’Bloody September night’’ and a crew of both young people and strangers are taking a discussion in a barbershop owned by Henry ‘‘Hawkshaw’’ and some other barbarians. They were discussing a rumor, which owns the day in Jefferson residence. Is Will innocent or not, many of them where already sure of that, because how could it be that a nigger’s word is taken before a white woman’s? Not a speak. The fellows agree that the young will had done something wrong without investigating the problem. Then, John McLendon, who commanded troops at the front in France, show up to collect the fellows to punish the nigger for the crime he had done. His bad attitude rapidly affects other people’s attitudes in the shop and they leave the room with a lot of hate inside themselves. But not all of them think Will is done something bad, Henry defends him by saying to his fellows that he knows him personally, and that that couldn’t be him. Even if he tries to show them that the town isn’t just ‘’black’’ and ‘’white’’, and that they should seem happy by having such ‘’good’’ kind of niggers in there, the people ignore him. He leaves the shop in hope to stop and persuade them not to hurt him because of his innocence. He gets in car. They got the confused Will, handcuff him and put in the car too. Suddenly, Henry says he got sick stomach and wants out. But McLendon says that he could jump out because he isn’t stopping the car. That’s what he does. He jumps out and hides in dust-sheathed weeds. Afterwards, McLeadon is going home, arguing with his wife who was waiting for him even if it was midnight. He lays his gun on the table beside the bed, and there was no sound, the dark world seemed to lie stricken beneath the cold moon and the lidless stars. Minnie Cooper is a 40 years old unmarried woman. She is haggard looking, exhausted, always wearing bright dresses. At the end of the story, she has a collapse, she screams and laughs in the middle of the cinema. Her ‘’friends’’ lead her home, wondering Will really attacked her or not. I found some symbols, which may refer to some of society’s main characterisations; characters’ minds are locked up due to surroundings and they can’t let their passion and interest see things in a different way than in a violent. So, wrong attitudes, can never lead us to a problem’s resolvability, but unfortunately, the residence of Jefferson has to deal with that kind of problem. McLendon’s gun could symbolise the authority, threat of violence. And that is also one of the story’s main themes. People don’t really care about what is true or not, they’ve been lead by some bad values, which had been a consequence of racism. Ice manufacturing plant where Will works as a watchman, is a symbol of town’s needs. Jefferson is covered with dust, caused of sixty-two rainless days. Atmosphere is violent, always the same, nothing is being based on facts, and people get to face something new, rain maybe, some changes, hopes or innocence. This town is in a really bad condition; stale breathes, durn weather, flat and dead air with a metallic taste, haggard-looking people, and days die in a pall of dust. And then, McLendon’s house could be seen as symbol of hierarchy. Everyone is caged within the heat and dust. He hurts his wife, showing his authority, as he earlier had showed in the barbershop where he doesn’t want to discus the problem and will rather use violence to resolve it, and outdoors when he in some way punishes Will. When we are told that there are only four men in the car, and Butch was not on the running board, it seems like the narrator is talking. This might be important for the story, because, not all the facts are being representing by the characters themselves, but the narrator takes their places wisely, so we don’t even realise that. The intention could be that someone who wants to give us a message spotlights the whole Jefferson situation, and gives as the opportunity to see this situation from more perspectives. McLendon is maybe a man who is caged and can’t behave in own way just because of the people and habits, which were developed many many years ago in that area. So no one is capable of being different and think in different or correct way. Everything is based on rumors, which are swinging around the town, and everybody is looking into other’s lives. The gun at the end of the story could be a sign, which leads us to an open ending. Was Will killed by John and the other man or not, the question is now. But, as I mentioned before, we only have two choices; to conclude something based on facts, or just pretend that the truth is obvious and attempt to say that McLeadon has killed the poor Will. And is it right to call Will a ‘’poor’’ one? This shows us that people must not be motivated by prejudice, because nothing else is more correct than facts. There are more themes in this story I want to deal with, because all of them are relevant to the context of the Faulkner’s short story ‘’Dry September’’. William Faulkner’s ‘’Dry September’’ considers a problem still present in contemporary American society: crime and violence motivated by racism. What could be a difference between a good nigger and a bad one? Are they just saying that all the black people are bad, but Will is just an exception? That statement is describing that the community of Jefferson and the whole southern population is covered by racism. ‘’I know Will Mayes, he is a good nigger. ‘’(Part 1. aragraphs 2). This sentence is said by Henry Hawkshaw and shows us that he might think that Will is innocent, but that doesn’t mean that he is innocent of racist attitudes. He attempts to make a cooler atmosphere in his barbershop but refusing to agree with his fellows. And th at they really want to look after some trouble, can show us the quote in part 1 and paragraph 37: ‘’Are you going to let the black sons get away with it until one of them really does it? ’’ McLendon seems to think Will is innocent, but who cares, someone always got to be an example, and the poor Will is an unlucky one to be taken as a victim of a rumor. When taken away and put in the car, Will is speaking to them with some king of respect, and his addressing, ‘’captains’’ (part 3, p. 17) could refer to something higher, better and worthier. Is Will putting himself at the bottom of the hierarchy or is he forced to do that? That is just the consequence of the racism. The town is absent of black people when Minnie and her friends walk through it and this shows how terrified black population is. And racism’s mission is complete now. Denigrating language is also affecting the story, because this is showing us how low the black ones are concerned. Henry’s incomplete sentences can reflect his nervousness about his incompetence to communicate with the other men of the town. Two different ways of thinking can lead to a conflict of communication. Their abuse of language is also seen in many paragraphs. This may allude to what kind of population is acting in the story. So, the conclusion is that the provincial ones can’t fight the stupidity and what a feeling of racism brings with it. People are ruled by it, and don’t care about the consequences of bad things they have done. How can people sometimes be in a position of judging someone and first of all not knowing anything about that? ’That’s the one: see? The one in pink in the middle. ’’(Part 4, paragraph 3) And just because of that, people often choose to be lead by their individual opinions. They find it unacceptable to conclude something based on true facts. And that could be just because they are afraid of not having right on th at, because, then, their lives will maybe change, and they will be supposed to learn what tolerance and respect is, which is impossible. Those persons are mostly afraid, that’s why they put aggression in front of tolerance. And weakness is a perfect attribute, which easily can be owned by immorality and malevolence. There can we put Mr McLendon, because he is seen as a source of badness. He doesn’t care about the facts, ‘’Happen? What the hell difference does it make? ’’ Well, it makes. A bit more difference, because he expands a maybe wrong story, which can end in wrong way and hurt innocent people or make someone suffer. So, Minnie and Will are both judged cruelly by those people, and these judgements are based on irrational prejudices concerning race. Fortunately, the population in Jefferson isn’t so monochromatic. Already in paragraph 19 we meet the courageous barber who is making a first step in proposing a esearching of the problem. When Will swears to God that he hasn’t done anything wrong, people around him don’t care about that, because they don’t care about the case at all. The rumor was just a reason to kick a nigger and punish him, or as McLendon says, he doesn’t need to have a reason for kidnaping him. The black po pulation needs an example, and this is the perfect time to make it. It is hard to say why did Henry jumped from the car, but I will think that he had no more influence on them, he had done what it was in his capability, and he saw that as a finished job. The only way to save his own life was to escape, so he acted like a coward, refusing to help Will, which also shows us that he wasn’t so innocent in his racial attitudes. In this story, I don’t really see a clue of justice. The ‘’innocent’’ Will is punished, the ‘’poor’’ Minnie is physical and physical harmed. Is there any justice? I don’t think there is, and even if those events that happened at that Saturday night could be called as acceptable ones, so will the word justice never exist. And Minnie could also be taken as a person involved in a wrongdoing, because she could stand up and say the rumor is wrong understood, but she was acting like a victim. Conclusion would be that people are capable of doing terrible things just because of not knowing anything about the problem that pops up in our society. Instead, they let their weakness rule, and so they can’t even think or analyse the reasons of the problem. More and more are willing to choose the violence rather than tolerance, and history had showed us that the bad nature and value is spreading quicker than a good one.

USS Kentucky (BB-66) in World War II

USS Kentucky (BB-66) in World War II USS Kentucky (BB-66) was an unfinished battleship that was started during World War II (1939-1945). Originally intended to be the second ship of the Montana-class of battleship, Kentucky was re-ordered in 1940 as the sixth and final ship of the US Navys Iowa-class of battleships. As construction moved forward, the US Navy found that it had a greater need for aircraft carriers than battleships. This led to designs to convert Kentucky into a carrier. These plans proved impractical and work resumed on the battleship but at a slow pace. Still incomplete at the end of the war, the US Navy then considered a variety of projects for converting Kentucky into a guided-missile battleship. These also proved fruitless and in 1958 the ship was sold for scrap.      A New Design In early 1938, work began on a new battleship type at the request of US Navy General Board chief Admiral Thomas C. Hart. First seen  as a larger version of the earlier  South Dakota-class, the new battleships were to carry twelve 16 guns or nine 18 guns. As the design evolved, the armament changed to nine 16 guns. In addition, the class anti-aircraft complement underwent several alterations  with the majority of its 1.1 weapons being replaced with 20 mm and 40 mm guns. Funding for the new ships came in May with the passage of the Naval Act of 1938. Dubbed the  Iowa-class, building  of the lead ship,  USS  Iowa  (BB-61), was assigned to the New York Navy Yard. Laid down in 1940,  Iowa  was to be the first of four battleships in the class. Fast Battleships Though hull numbers BB-65 and BB-66 were originally intended to be the first two ships of the new, larger  Montana-class, the approval of the Two Ocean Navy Act in July 1940 saw them re-designated as two additional  Iowa-class  battleships named USS  Illinois  and USS  Kentucky  respectively. As fast battleships, their 33-knot speed would permit them to serve as escorts for the new  Essex-class  carriers that were joining the fleet. Unlike the preceding  Iowa-class ships (Iowa,  New Jersey,  Missouri, and  Wisconsin),  Illinois  and  Kentucky  were to utilize all-welded construction which reduced weight while enhancing hull strength. Some conversation was also had as to whether to retain the heavy armor arrangement initially planned for the  Montana-class. Though this would have improved the battleships protection, it would also have greatly lengthened construction time.   As a result, standard  Iowa-class armor was ordered.   Ã‚   USS Kentucky(BB-66) - Overview Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  Norfolk Naval ShipyardLaid Down:  March 7, 1942Fate:  Scrapped, October 31, 1958 Specifications (Planned) Displacement:  45,000 tonsLength:  887.2 ft.Beam:  108 ft., 2 in.Draft:  28.9  ft.Speed:  33  knotsComplement:  2,788 (Planned) Guns 9 Ãâ€" 16 in./50 cal Mark 7 guns20 Ãâ€" 5 in./38 cal Mark 12 guns80 Ãâ€" 40 mm/56 cal anti-aircraft guns49 Ãâ€" 20 mm/70 cal anti-aircraft cannons Construction The second ship to carry the name USS Kentucky, the first being the Kearsarge-class USS Kentucky (BB-6) commissioned in 1900, BB-65 was laid down at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard on March 7, 1942.   Following the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway, the US Navy recognized that the need for additional aircraft carriers and other vessels superseded that for more battleships. As a result, construction of Kentucky was halted and on June 10, 1942, the bottom section of the battleship was launched to make room for Landing Ship, Tank (LST) construction. The next two years saw designers explore options for converting Illinois and Kentucky into carriers. The finalized conversion plan would have resulted in two carriers similar in appearance to the Essex-class. In addition to their air wings, they would have carried twelve 5 guns in four twin and four single mounts. Reviewing these plans, it was soon found that the converted battleships aircraft capacity would be less than the Essex-class and that the construction process would take longer than building a new carrier from scratch. As a result, it was decided to complete both vessels as battleships but very low priority was given to their construction.   Moved back to the slipway on December 6, 1944, construction of  Kentucky slowly resumed through 1945. With the end of the war, discussion ensued regarding completing the vessel as an anti-aircraft battleship. This led to work halting in August 1946.   Two years later, construction again moved forward though using the original plans. On January 20, 1950,  work ceased and Kentucky was moved from its dry dock to make space for repair work on Missouri.    Plans, But No Action Moved to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Kentucky, which had been completed to its main deck, served as a supply hulk for the reserve fleet from 1950 to 1958. During this period, several plans were advanced with the idea of converting the vessel into a guided missile battleship. These moved forward and in 1954 Kentucky was renumbered from BB-66 to BBG-1. Despite this, the program was cancelled two years later. Another missile option called for the mounting of two Polaris ballistic missile launchers in the ship.   As in the past, nothing came from these plans. In 1956, after Wisconsin suffered a collision with the destroyers USS Eaton, Kentuckys bow was removed and used to repair the other battleship. Though Kentucky Congressman William H. Natcher attempted to block the sale of Kentucky, the US Navy elected to strike it from the Naval Vessel Register on June 9, 1958. That October, the hulk was sold to the Boston Metals Company of Baltimore and scrapped. Prior to disposal, its turbines were removed and used aboard the fast combat support ships USS Sacramento and USS Camden.

Marketing Planning- Kit Kat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Planning- Kit Kat - Essay Example Companies give substantial importance to the desires and wants of the potential customers. Marketing Plans in the current economic system always succeed in a free market economy. The prices of the goods and services must be determined by the free forces of market demand and supply. Any state of disequilibrium in the market would be stabilized automatically by the free forces of market mechanism. Companies often adopt â€Å"go to market† concept that helps organizations to achieve unique value proposition to their targets. These propositions depend on the way the company focuses on its investments and business solutions. This strategy usually responds to whom, what, how much, how and where a company would operate and cater its services. Q 1.2 Nestle accounts a sale of over 1 billion Swiss francs from 29 major branded goods manufactured under it (Dibb, 2001). It is a giant food producing firm generating about 339,000 employments in the economy. Its assets are now worth 126.22 bi llion as estimated in 2012 (Qin, 2010).. Jamal and Prahalad in 1996 stated that strategic planning is not strategic; the future is assumed to be more or less same as the present. The planning must be subversive. The top managers are most resistant to change and they fail to provide people different responsibilities to manage changes. The senior managers should observe activists as positive. The organizations must always use all their knowledge to discover the unconventional ideas. Business strategies can often give surprises. The business strategies must be democratic (Kew and Stredwick, 2005). Therefore in the context of Nestle, Kit Kat being a common chocolate produced by the company, the focus should be on product quality. The company must enhance its quality so that it can uphold its reputation in the current competitive chocolate industry Q 1.3-1.4 There are various techniques of organizational auditing. Out of the major techniques this essay concentrates on the PEST technique of organizational auditing (Strauss, 2010). It means it would concentrate in the Political, Economic, Social and Technological aspects that affect the business of Nestle featuring its product Kit Kat. The success of a marketing plan largely depends on the internal working culture of a business firm; like the precise relationships between the top managers and employees at different levels. If a firm maintains a good financial and accounting system then they are likely to introduce successful marketing plans. The level of research and development also influences the competitive power of a business firm. The resources and capabilities of a business firm largely influence the extent accomplishment of marketing plans. Image and brand equity are also important determinants of a good marketing plan. The essay will now hypothetically assume a case study about Kit Kat’s business in China. The country has a socialist market economic system; thus sate excise strong control over the acti vities of the private organizations. If the Chinese government increases the level of taxes in chocolates; the company may be forced to increase the selling price of the product and thus will shift the incidence of taxation on the consumers. In such a situation the demand for the product would fall. Rather tastes and preferences of the consumers are changing and buyers who are empowered are demanding more from the products. The country accounts for a growth of about 10% in terms of GDP, thus the